Compound:-
Compound is a substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined together in a fixed ratio by mass.
Jb 2 ya 2 se zyada elements chemically ek dusry k sath join krte hn, ek fixed ratio k sath, to wo ek nea substance bnate hn jisy hm compound bolte hn.
So, we can say that compounds are formed when two or more elements combine chemically not physically, Chemically means, the elements involved in the formation of compound can not be separated by ordinary physical means.
Compound, 2 ya 2 se zyada elements k milne se bnta ha. Ye elements ek dusry k sath chemically combine krte hn. Chemically combine krne k mtlb ha k jo elements compound bnane me istmal hote hn wo apni kdh ki identity kho dete hn or ek new substance bnate hn jis ki chemical or physical properties join hone wale elements se bilkul mukhtlif hoti hn, is nae bnne wale substance ko hm compound bolte hn.
Classification:-
Compounds can be classify into two types.
1. Ionic Compounds:-
Ionic compounds have three dimensional structures like crystal lattice, in which each ion is surrounded by oppositely charged ions.This is the reason that ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points. Ionic compounds are represented by formula units e.g, NaCl, KBr etc.
Ionic Compounds aase compounds ko bolte hn jo k three dimensional structure show krte hn. Ionic se hme ye to smj lena chahiay k in compounds me ions majood hote hn, to ions kis trha se mil k compounds bnate hn? Ionic compounds me hr ion apne opposite charge wale ions se ghira rhta ha. Iska mtlb ha k agr positive chrge wala ion center me ho to negative charge wale ions is k charo trf majood hon ge or is trha ionic compounds three dimensional crystal lattice bnate hn. Yhi wja ha k ionic compounds k melting or boiling points bht high hote hn. Ionic compounds ko formula unit k zreay likha jata ha e.g, NaCl, KBr, CuSO4 etc.
2. Covalent Compounds:-
These compounds are known as covalent compounds, because they have covalent bond between their elements. These compounds exists in the form of molecules. The formula of these compounds is known as molecular formula e.g H2O, HCl, CH4.
Covalent compounds aase compounds jin k elements aps me covalent bonds k zreay jure hote hn. Covalent bond ka mtlb ha k bond bnane wale dono elements ek ek electron donate krte hn or aps me bond bnate hn. Covalent compounds hamesha molecules ki form me majood hote hn is liay inhe molecular formula k zreay likha jata ha e.g, H2O, HCl, H2SO4, CH4 etc.
Mixture:-
Two or more elements or compounds physically combined together, without any fixed ratio, forms a mixture.
Jb 2 ya 2 se zyada elements ya compounds ko aps me physically milaya jata ha, without any fixed ratio, to wo ek nea substance bnate hn jise hm mixture bolte hn.
As we read that the mixture is the physical combination of elements. It means that the elements present in the mixture has their own chemical properties because they do not change their chemistry by mixing. In mixture elements combine physically, it means that the elements can separate by physical methods such as filtration, distillation, crystalization, evaporation or magnetization.
Mixture me majood tmam elements ya compounds ek dusre k sath physically mile hote hn. Iska mtlb ha k un tmam elements ki chemical properties change nhi hotin or wo mixture ki halat me b apni apni chemical properties rkhte hn. Mixture k elements physically join krte hn to iska mtlb ha k unhe hm physical methods k zreay alg b kr skte hn jesa k, filtration, distillation, crystalization, evaporation or magnetization k zreay.
Classification:-
There are two types of mixture.
1. Homogeneous mixture:-
Mixture that have uniform composition throughout is called homogeneous mixture e.g, air and ice cream.
Aasa mixture jis ki composition sare k sare mixture me ek jesi ho use hm homogeneous mixture bolte hn e.g, Air and ice cream.
2. Heterogeneous mixture:-
Mixture that do not have uniform composition throughout is called heterogeneous mixture e.g, wood, rock, soil etc.
Aasa mixture jis ki composition pure mixture me ek jesi na ho use hm heterogeneous mixture bolte hn e.g, wood, rock and soil.
Differentiate between a compound and a mixture:-
1.Compound:-
It is formed by chemical combination of elements.
Compound, elements k chemically milne se bnte hn.1.Mixture:-
It is formed by simple mixing up of elements.
Mixture simply different substances ko mix krne se bnta ha.
2.Compound:-
The elements lose their identity and form a completely new substance have different properties from them.
Join hone wale elements apni kdh ki phchan kho dete hn or nae bnne wale compound ki properties un elements se bilkul mukhtlif hoti hn.2.Mixture:-
The elements do not lose their properties in a mixture.
Mixture ki apni koi alg properties nhi hotin, mixture me majood tmam substances apni apni alg properties rkhte hn.
3.Compound:-
They have fixed composition by mass.
Compounds ki composition hmesha fixed hoti ha.3.Mixture:-
They do not have fixed composition.
Mixture ki composition mixed nhi hoti.
4.Compound:-
Elements of the compound can not be separated physically.
Compound k elements ko hm physical methods k zreay alg nhi kr skte.4.Mixture:-
Elements can be separated physically.
Mixture k components ko simple physical methods k zreay alg kiya ja skta ha.
5.Compound:-
It is represented by a chemical formula.
Compounds ko hm chemical formula k zreay likhte hn.5.Mixture:-
They do not have chemical formula.
Mixture me 2 ya 2 se zyada components majood ho skte hn or mixture ka koi chemical formula nhi hota.
6.Compound:-
They have homogeneous composition.
Compounds ki composition throughout ek jesi hoti ha.6.Mixture:-
They may be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Mixture ki composition homogeneous b ho skti ha or heterogeneous b.
7.Compound:-
They have sharp and fixed melting and boiling points.
Compounds k melting points bht high or fixed hote hn.7.Mixture:-
They do not have sharp and fixed melting and boiling points.
Mixture ka melting point mixed nhi hota.
Written By:- M.Ashir Azeem
0 Comments: