Empirical Formula:-
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound is called empirical formula.
Kisi b compound k formula ko me majood components ko simple ratio k sath likha jy to usy hm empirical formula bolte hn.
For Example:- Glucose me carbon, hydrogen or oxygen majood hote hn or in ki simple ratio 1:2:1 ki hoti ha to is liay glucose ka empirical formula CH2O ha.
Formula Unit:-
The simplest whole number ratio of ions, as present in the ionic compound, is called formula unit.
Empirical formula me majood ions ki simple ratio ko hm formula unit bolte hn.
For Example:- Common Salt ka empirical formula NaCl ha or is k formula unit me 1 Na+ ion or 1 Cl- ion majood hota ha.
Molecular Formula:-
The formula that show actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of that compound, is called molecular formula.
Aasa formula jo kisi b compound k molecule me majood tmam elements k actual numbers ko show kre use hm molecular formula bolte hn.
For Example:- Benzene ka molecular formula C6H6 ha. Jo k hme btata ha k benzene k molecule me 6 carbon k atoma or 6 hi hydrogen k atoms majood hn. Benzene ka ye molecular formula is k empirical formula se nekala gya ha jo k CH ha. Molecular formula ko empirical formula se derive krne k liay hm is formula ko use krte hn.
Molecular formula = (Empirical formula) n
Where n is 1,2,3 and so on.
Molecular Mass:-
The sum of atomic masses of all the atoms present in one molecule of a substance, is called its molecular mass.
For Example:- Molecular mass of water (H2O) is 18 amu, of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 44 amu and that of chlorine (Cl2) is 71 amu.
Molecule me majood tmam atoms k atomic masses ko sum kren to is total mass ko hm molecule ka mass ya phir molecular mass bolte hn.
For Example:- Water (H2O) k molecule me 2 hydrogen or 1 oxygen ka atom majood ha or agr hn in sb atoms k atomic masses ko jma kren to hme water k 1 molecule ka mass mil jy ga jo k 18 amu hota ha. Isi trha carbon dioxide (CO2) me 1 carbon or 2 oxygen k atoms majood hn or is ka molecular mass 44 amu ha. Or isi trha chlorine (Cl2) me 2no hi atoms chlorine k hn or in k atomic masses ko sum krne se hmare pass chlorine molecule ka mass aa jata ha jo k 71 amu ha.
Formula Mass:-
The sum of masses of all the atoms present in one formula unit of a substance is called its formula mass.
For Example:- Formula mass of CaCO3 is 100 amu and that of sodium chloride (NaCl) is 58.5 amu.
Substance k formula unit me majood tmam ions k masses ko sum kren to hm is total mass of us substance ka formula mass bolen ge.
For Example:- CaCO3 k formula unit me 1 calcium, 1 carbon, or 3 oxygen majood hn is formula unit k sb masses ko jma krne se hme formula mass mil jata ha jo k 58.5 ha. Isi trha sodium chloride (NaCl) k formula unit me 1 Na+ ion or 1 Cl- ion ha in k masses ko jma kren to use hm formula mass bolte hn jo k 100 amu ha.
Written By:- M.Ashir Azeem
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