Ions:-
Atoms or group of atoms having some charge on it, is callen an ion.
Atoms ya group of atoms k uper agr kuch charge ho to ise hm atom ni bl-k ion bolen ge. Ye charge positive b ho skta ha or negative b.
Cation:-
An Atom or group of atoms having positive charge on it, is called cation.
For Example:- Na+, K+
Atom ya group of atoms pr agr positive charge ho to ise hm cation bolte hn jesa k uper example me dekhaya gya ha. Atom k uper positive charge tb ata ha jb atom k outermost shell me se electrons bahir nekl jyn.
Anion:-
An atom or group of atoms having negative charge on it, is called anion.
For Example:- Cl-, O-2
Atom ya group of atoms pr agr positive charge ki jga negative charge aa jy to isy hm anion bolte hn jis ki examples uper di gien hn. Atom k uper negative charge tb ata ha jb bahir se koi electron us atom me add ho jy.
Molecular Ion:-
When a molecule gains or loses an electron, it forms a molecular ion.
For Example:- He+, N+
Jesa k hmne uper prha k agr kisi atom me koi electron add kiya jy ya phir us atom me se koi electron nikala jy to use hm ion bolte hn. Isi trha agr kisi molecule me se hm koi electron bahir nekalen ya us molecule me electron ko add kren to phir ise hm molecular ion bolen ge.
Free Radicals:-
Atoms or group of atoms having odd number of (unpaired) electrons, are called free radicals.
For Example:- H•, Cl•, H3C•
Agr kisi b atom ya group of atoms me odd number of unpaired electrons majood hon to unhe hm free radicals bolte hn. Free radicals ko atom ya group of atoms k symbol k uper right side pr dot se zahir kiya jata ha. Free Radicals tb bnte hn jb koi bond equally divide krta ha. Free Radicals bht hi reactive hote hn or ye bht hi jldi apna octet pura kr lete hn
Written By:- M.Ashir Azeem
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